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Negative numbers in contemporary primary school mathematics
Skálová, Tereza ; Slezáková, Jana (advisor) ; Jirotková, Darina (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to deal with teaching of negative numbers in mathematics in lower primary school. The thesis brings an overview of exercises related to negative numbers, which are available in textbooks dedicated to lower and upper primary school. Main part of the thesis is devoted to three different experiments - pupils experiment, teaching experiment and parlour game. The pupils experiment analysis the successes and troubles of pupils attending 4th and 5th class when filling out the worksheets focused on various models of negative numbers. Furthermore, the teaching experiment based on a questionnaire survey describes comments of lower and upper primary school teachers in regards to implementation and usefulness of negative numbers. Parlour game experiment demonstrates the ability of pupils to grasp mathematical phenomenon by playing a game. Key words: additive operations with negative numbers experiment models of negative number: thermometer, floor, surface environment Stepping environment Stairs word problems board game negative numbers
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Introduction of Negative Numbers in the History of Algebra
Daněk, Jaroslav ; Kvasz, Ladislav (advisor) ; Jančařík, Antonín (referee)
I have divided this work in four chapters, according to the most important places of development of mathematics and his symbolism and I have described some specific historical period of progress of mathematics, which was in the global comparison the most attractive or developed. In the first chapter I occupy with Chinese mathematics, which keep the oldest mathematical knowledge already since the second millennium, therefore immediately on the first place of my work. The second chapter deal with the Indian mathematics, which leaves us knowledge of Indian mathematician Brahmagupta from the 7th century AD, who probably continues in Chinese mathematics. After that it follows mathematics of the Arab world, which had the biggest influence on the European mathematics, where the minus sign was definitively established and stabilized from the earlier rhetorical markings. The central figure, as this chapter, so the whole work, is the German mathematician Michael Stifel and his piece of work the Arithmetica integra. KEYWORDS negative numbers, equations, coefficient, solutions
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Negative numbers in contemporary primary school mathematics
Skálová, Tereza ; Slezáková, Jana (advisor) ; Jirotková, Darina (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to deal with teaching of negative numbers in mathematics in lower primary school. The thesis brings an overview of exercises related to negative numbers, which are available in textbooks dedicated to lower and upper primary school. Main part of the thesis is devoted to three different experiments - pupils experiment, teaching experiment and parlour game. The pupils experiment analysis the successes and troubles of pupils attending 4th and 5th class when filling out the worksheets focused on various models of negative numbers. Furthermore, the teaching experiment based on a questionnaire survey describes comments of lower and upper primary school teachers in regards to implementation and usefulness of negative numbers. Parlour game experiment demonstrates the ability of pupils to grasp mathematical phenomenon by playing a game. Key words: additive operations with negative numbers experiment models of negative number: thermometer, floor, surface environment Stepping environment Stairs word problems board game negative numbers
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